Hint: (E.g.

Практический курс английского языка. 4 курс под ред. В.Д. Аракина

Phrases and Give-and-take Combinations

to cheat in exams	to adopt an mental attitude of…
to tick smth off	…towards
to swot up colloq. for to study	to get through
to keep an eye open for smth/smb	to cutting smb brusque
to marking and course the papers	to rally one's thoughts
to come out (almost results)	to call out names
	to enhance one's vocalisation

ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY

1. annoy vt/i 1) to make a lilliputian aroused, peculiarly past repeated acts; to disturb and nervously upset a person, due east. thou. Wilfred did not want to pay also much attention to Fleur, he was afraid of annoying her.

Syn. vex, irk, bother

ii) persistent interrupting, interrupting with or intruding on until the victim is aroused, or upset, e. chiliad. Clouds of flies annoyed our horses.

Syn. worry, harass, plague, pester, tease . Ant. soothe, comfort

to exist annoyed at/over smth, due east. chiliad. He was annoyed at the male child's stupidity.

to be bellyaching with, e. chiliad. The old woman was bellyaching with the noisy children. annoying a causing one to feel bellyaching, equally abrasive manners, e. k. How annoying...! The abrasive thing about information technology is that I keep thinking about Lizzy.

Syn. bothersome, irritating, troublesome, harassing, tormenting, nagging, vexatious.

2. chatter vi one) to talk rapidly or foolishly or without a stop, e. chiliad. The ii gids chattered merrily unaware of Roger'due south presence. 2) to brand quick indistinct sounds, e. k. The sparrows were chattering on the roof of the cottage. three) to strike the lower and upper teeth together from cold or fever, e. g. She was so frightened that her teeth chattered. chatterbox n a person who chatters.

chatter n sounds of the kinds described past the verb to chatter, e.one thousand. The chatter of the birds could exist heard everywhere.

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Практический курс английского языка. iv курс под ред. В.Д. Аракина

chattering n east. grand. The cheerful chattering of children came from the plant nursery. to chatter similar a magpie

3. cheer vt/i 1) to fill with gladness, hope, loftier spirits; condolement, eastward. g. Everyone was cheered past the good news. He cheered upward at once when I promised to help him. Cheer up! Your troubles will shortly be over. 2) to give shouts of joy, approval, or encouragement, eastward. g. The speaker was loudly cheered. Everybody cheered the news that peace had come.

to cheer for (cheer on) to support (a competitor) with cheers, to encourage, due east. g. Allow'due south go to the football game game and cheer for our favourite team. Please come up to the sports meeting to cheer on dur squad.

cheer n 1) land of hope, gladness; words of cheer, of encouragement; 2) shout of joy or encouragement used by spectators to encourage or show enthusiasm or support for their squad, e. grand. The cheers of the spectators filled the stadium.

to give three cheers for to weep, or shout "Hurrah!" iii times, e. g. The team members gave three thank you for their captain.

cheerful a 1) happy and contented, e.g. He kept throughout his life his youthful optimism and his cheerful trust in men.

Syn, glad, happy, light-hearted, blithesome, joyous Emmet. gloomy

ii) bright, pleasant, bringing joy, equally a cheerful room, sound, conversation; cheerful surroundings, e. g. Mary's cheerful talk encouraged her friends.

Ant. cheerless, gloomy

cheery a is a rather trivial colloquialism for cheerful.

bye interj a colloquial give-and-take used as farewell, due east. g. Cheerio, old friends!

cheers i) is used every bit a toast "Your health!‖, e. g. Does everybody have beer? Yep, cheers. 2) a modern breezy apply of cheers in British English is to mean skilful-cheerio or thanks, east. g. I'll requite y'all a paw tomorrow. Cheers, that'll exist great.

four. contest vt one) to fence; debate, dispute, equally to contest a argument (a bespeak); to endeavor to bear witness that it is wrong, every bit to contest smb'southward right to do smth.; 2) to take function in a struggle or contest (with or against srab or smth.), as to contest a match (a race), e. thou. Jim had to contest against the earth'due south best winners in the

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Практический курс английского языка. 4 курс под ред. В.Д. Аракина

Games and did well to come 3rd. 3) to fight or compete for, to endeavour to win, equally to contest a seat in Parliament, e. chiliad. The soldiers contested every inch of the ground.

Syn. contend

contest n struggle, fight; competition, as a keen contest for the prize; a contest of skill; a musical competition; a close competition, e. g. The ice-hockey title was a shut contest between Canada, Sweden and Russian federation.

contestant n 1 who contests Syn. contender

contestable a open to statement, east. g. That's a contestable statement, you tin't show it.

five. emerge 6 1) to come forth into view from an enclosed and obscure place, e. one thousand. The moon emerges from beyond the clouds. 2) to ascension into discover and esp. to issue, (come forth) from suffering, subjection, danger, embarrassment, etc., eastward. g. New artistic developments emerged after the revolution. three) to come out as the event of investigation, word (of a fact, a principle), e. g. At last in that location emerged Einstein's Theory of Relativity.

Syn. to plow upwardly, to show up

emergency n a sudden happening requiring prompt action; ane to be used in an emergency, equally an emergency get out (door); an emergency fund; an emergency (forced) landing, e. g. These stairs are to be used just in an emergency. The aeroplane was caught in a snowstorm and had to make an emergency landing.

Syn. juncture, contingency, pinch, crunch

six. go vt with adv and prp

get near 1) to motility or travel around, e. g. The quickest fashion to become about the metropolis is by surreptitious train. two) to start (smth or doing smth), e. grand. I wanted to brand a dress but didn't know how to become about it.

go along to continue, make progress, e. g. You may have some difficulties at get-go, but you'll detect information technology easier as yous keep.

go at (smth or smb) to rush at, attack (informal), due east. thou. They went at each other furiously. go back one) to return, every bit in conversation (to smth), eastward. thousand. Allow us go back to what the chairman was saying. 2) to fail to fulfil (a hope, agreement, etc.), east. g. You should never become back on your promise to a child.

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Практический курс английского языка. iv курс под ред. В.Д. Аракина

go behind to examine a deeper level of smth, e. chiliad. You lot have to get behind the poet's words to see what she really means.

go by (of error, etc.) 1) to pass without being noticed (breezy), e.1000.I know yous were late again this morning, only nosotros'll permit information technology go by. two) to base of operations ane'due south judgement on smb, e. g. Y'all can't get by what he says, he's very untrustworthy.

go down ane) to be received, esp. with approval, to be liked (past someone), e. g. How did your spoken language get down (with the public)? 2) to be considered less worthy, e. g. He went down in my opinion.

go downwardly the drain to be wasted; to neglect completely, due east. g. All my attempts to help him went downwards the drain.

go easy (informal) 1) to behave calmly (usu. imper.), e. g. Go easy, love, there's null to get excited about. 2) to care for someone kindly, not severely (on, with), eastward. g. Go easy on the child, volition you, she is too immature to understand what she did.

go as/so far every bit (breezy) to be bold or direct plenty (to do smth), to declare the truth, e. 1000. I wouldn't go and so far every bit to say she is a liar.

go into to examine, e. g. The police went into the human being's story to see if he was telling the truth.

go over to examine, to see that it is correct, east.g. The counsellor went over his story in particular and suggested some improvements.

get round to move around, to exist publicly noticed (doing smth), e. thousand. You can't get round maxim nasty things similar that nearly him.

7. hint n slight or indirect indication or suggestion, due east. yard. She gave him a hint that she would similar him to get out. I know how to take a hint. "Hints for housewives" (as the title of an article giving suggestions that will help housewives)

to drop a hint, e. g. I dropped him hints on the venial of his conduct.

to give a person a gentle (broad) hint, eastward. m. Martin gave Joe a gentle hint merely it was lost upon him.

hint half-dozen to propose, to mention casually, e. g. The woman hinted at her urgent need of money. He hinted at my impudence. He hinted that I ought to piece of work harder.

Syn. advise, imply, intimate, insinuate

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Практический курс английского языка. 4 курс под ред. В.Д. Аракина

8. rattle vt/i 1) (crusade to) make brusk, abrupt sounds rapidly, one later the other, due east. g. The windows were rattling in the strong wind. The hail rattled on the roof.

to rattle off (colloq.) to talk, to say or repeat smth speedily; to repeat (words) apace and as well hands from memory; to perform (an activeness) with ease and speed, eastward. g. What is the signal of teaching the children to rattle off the names of the kings and queens of England if they know null nigh history?

to rattle away/on to talk rapidly and at some length and uninterestingly, e. g. At every coming together of the women'southward order, Mrs White rattles on for hours.

ii) to annoy, cause to feel angry, e. k. My persistent questioning of his story rattled him, and he refused to reply my queries. She was rattled past the hypothetical optics spying upon her.

Syn. embarrass, discomfit, abash, faze

rattled a annoyed, e. one thousand. In the finish he got rattled, (or: We got him rattled.).

9. reduce vt/i i) to take (smth) smaller or less; beingness smth (such as a price, size, or amount) downwards to a lower level or smaller size, e. g. Your speed must be reduced to the city speed limit equally presently as you lot cantankerous the edge. Taxes should be reduced to an amount that people can afford to pay. The book will have to be reduced to 300 pages. The whole town was reduced to ashes in the bombing. ii) to bring or get to a sure status, eastward. g. The new instructor was chop-chop able to reduce the noisy class to silence. Hunger had reduced the poor dog to skin and bone. His opponent'due south clever speech reduced the speaker'south statement to nonsense.

to reduce by/to, e. g. We accept been able to .reduce our tax bill past x%. The price of the chair has been reduced to $ x.

to reduce someone to tears to brand someone weep, eastward. yard. Yous may choose to scold this child, but at that place's no need to reduce him to tears.

Syn. decrease, lessen, diminish, abate, dwindle

reduction n reducing or existence reduced, e. g. The goods are sold at a cracking reduction in cost.

Syn. discount

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Практический курс английского языка. iv курс под ред. В.Д. Аракина

READING COMPREHENSION EXERCISES

1. a) Consult a dictionary and practise the pronunciation of the following words:

authority; contest due north, prize-fighter; enthusiastic; solo; despondently; paths; invigilator; flagrant; dispassionately; anonymous; nonchalant; frustrated; recognize; tripos; admirably; remoteness; viva; imminent; irritatingly; desperate; lensman; prejudice; admiring; tetanus; previously; triumphal; turn; opiate a; sponge.

b) Mind to your partners' reading of the do. Correct their mistakes, if they have any.

2. Practice the pronunciation of the following words paying attending to:

a) two principal stresses;

b) the secondary and principal stresses. Vanquish the time:

a) well-established; thenceforward; meanwhile; well-trodden; self-consciousness; unhurriedly: dissatisfied; undeserved; un-exploded; blackjack.

b) examination; inevitability; investigation; representative; differentiate; superiority; interrogation; invitation; familiarity; inescapable; anatomic; disadvantage; grooming; congratulation; disappear.

3. Read the post-obit discussion combinations paying attention to the phonetic phenomena of connective speech (assimilation, lateral and nasal plosions, the loss of plosion, the linking "r").

Mind the pronunciation of the vowels and observe proper rhythm:

that the government accept found the about fair and convenient to both sides; they are a directly competition betwixt himself and the examiners; there is rarely whatever frank adulterous in medical examinations; standing at the front and gazing at him; similar the policemen that flank the dock at the Former Bailey; they were able to consummate the test in an hour and a half; the last question was rushed through; I walked down the stairs; in the foursquare exterior; without the threat of immediate punishment; who treated the whole thing; he looked upon the viva simply as another engagement; she would get through; reeling out the lines of treatment; only they were a subdued, muttering crowd; a clock tingled twelve in the distance; I expected the windows to rattle; the clouds hung in the air.

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Практический курс английского языка. 4 курс под ред. В.Д. Аракина

4. Read the following passages:

a) from "I walked downwardly the stairs" upwards to "... without arousing any comment";

b) from "... I stood before table 4" upwards to "... and stumbled through the answer...";

c) from "... The elderberry porter raised his voice..." up to the cease of the text.

Use proper intonation groups and observe the rhythm. Acquit in mind the character of the passage.

five. Make the following sentences complete using the patterns (p. ten)

ane. Y'all can just leave. I'm about to tell Bucky to forget it... . 2. I'thou washed for the moment and prepare to bring together yous. I've rinsed my plate and my spoon and run a damp sponge across the kitchen counter. I din't intend to exercise whatever more than cleaning .... 3. I'll write y'all a check. Nosotros're still trying to get my dad'due south affairs sorted out. ... nosotros do capeesh your assist. 4. — Practice you want me to make a quick run to the marketplace? — I'd surely appreciate it. Since we're low on milk, I have to do it myself....

6. Paraphrase the following sentences, using the patterns:

1. — I'm sure he was trying to exist helpful. Nonetheless, there's probably no damage washed. 2. Rawson went right on: "This or that way, in the late eighties I started writing to this woman I met through a pen pal ad." 3. — Tin I lend you a manus? — No, thanks. I'yard virtually washed. I never hoped to discover anything hither so far. 4. If a man shows signs of nervous tension or existence nether stress you must make him consult a md. five. The teacher must brand his children develop a critical style of thinking. half dozen. If you desire to help a worried person under stress y'all, must be patient and encourage him to talk. 7. His behavior in those trying circumstances does him honor. Y'all must make him write about it. 8. You explained that "trying to go along upward with the Joneses" means to have as much as one'south neighbors (the Joneses) and, if possible, even more. 9. Yous accept promised to have the children for a drive, so you must keep your word. ten. The professor drew their attending to the difference between the two theories. It is now articulate to the students.

7. Make up five sentences on each pattern.

eight. Pair work. Make up and human action out a dialogue, using the patterns.

9. Translate the following sentences into English language:

one. Хорошо. Я принимаю ваш отказ. В любом случае я рада, что мы познакомились. Надоюсь, в

другой раз вы будете более сговорчивы.

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Практический курс английского языка. four курс под ред. В.Д. Аракина

two. Я и не надеялась застать Джонки дома в такое время. 3. Не пытайся заставлять ее работать на вас. Так или иначе она сделает, что вы просите.

ane. Наконец Джесс уговорил (заставил) Рэя дать ему работу. 2. Пока я хозяин дома, я заставлю всех повиноваться мне — слышите? 3. Не моя вина, что ты не понимаешь меня, но я заставлю тебя внять здравому смыслу. 4. В среду миссис Хиггинс принимала гостей, и Хиггинс заставил ее пригласить Элизу.

one. Теперь, когда все экзамены позади, можно с уверенностью сказать, что из вас выйдет настоящий адвокат. ii. Раз уж Том убедил всех, что Симон был невиновен, необходимо найти настоящего преступника. 3. Теперь, когда Памела нисколько не волновалась о том, что могут сказать о ней люди, о ней перестали распускать слухи.

10. Note down from the text (p. 6) the sentences containing the phrases and word combinations (p. 11) and translate them into Russian.

11. Consummate the following sentences, using the phrases and word combinations:

1. If y'all are smart enough to cheat in this exam ... . two. Tick the names off ... .3. I hate swotting up before exams .... 4. Keep an eye open up for ... . 5. Young teachers ... mark and grade the papers. 6. The results of the written examination volition come out ... . seven. ... adopted such an attitude towards people. viii. ... get through. 9. He's but the sort of person ... cutting yous brusque.

10. ... rallied her thoughts. 11. The chairperson called out the names of the students who

... . 12. Never raise your voice ...

12. Pair work. Make upwardly and act out situations, using the phrases and word combinations:

1. Imagine that you are sharing your experience in the technique of taking examinations with a freshman. You are not exactly a hardworking pupil.

2. Imagine you lot are instructing a immature teacher who is to be an invigilator at the written exam.

xiii. Translate the following sentences into English, using the phrases and discussion combinations:

1. Все уговаривали его воспользоваться шпаргалкой на экзамене, но он твердо стоял на своем в желании сдать экзамен самостоятельно. 2. Деловая Диана просматривала список гостей на прощальный

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Практический курс английского языка. 4 курс под ред. В.Д. Аракина

обед и отмечала галочкой тех, кого считала ненужным приглашать. three. Майк, ты что, много занимался перед экзаменами? Никогда не поверю, что ты способен на это. 4. Следите, пожалуйста, за этим молодым человеком, он вполне способен воспользоваться шпаргалками на экзамене. 5. Обычно требуется неделя, чтобы проверить экзаменационные работы в колледже. 6. Результаты собеседования будут известны через три дня. 7. Дороти сосредоточилась (собралась с мыслями), приняла суровый вид и открыла заседание совета директоров. 8. Ему удалось проскочить на экзамене, хотя времени на зубрежку медицинских терминов ему не хватило. ix. Честер начал было объяснять ситуацию, но Рэй резко оборвал его. x. Руководитель группы называл имена участников, и они отходили в сторону. 11 . Он никогда не повышал голос на своих подчиненных, но они были готовы выполнить любую его просьбу.

14. Explain what is meant by:

1. Examinations touch off his fighting spirit. 2. A unmarried invigilator sat on a raised platform to go along an center open for flagrant cheating. 3.... hoping by an incomplete sentence to give the examiners the impression of frustrated brilliance. four. Confusion breeds confusion and he volition come to the cease of his interrogation struggling similar a cow in a bog. 5. "It's the same idea as talking about passing away and going to a higher place instead of plainly dying."

15. Answer the post-obit questions and exercise the given assignments:

a) i. Why does Gordon equate the last examinations with expiry? How does he define an test? 2. What is the usual manner medical students gear up for examinations? 3. Why were the students so particular to humour Malcolm Maxworth? iv. Describe the procedure of the written exam as presented by the writer. 5. In Gordon's stance why are oral examinations and then unpopular with the students? 6. Describe the psychological types fairly commonly seen in viva waiting-rooms. 7. Why were the days after the oral examination black ones for the students? viii. What was Grimsdyke's theory about declining exams? ix. In what way are the examination results unremarkably announced? ten. How did Gordon feel when he learned that he had passed the exams?

b) 1. What is the general slant of the story? 2. What imagery is employed by the writer in describing the student'south an-

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Практический курс английского языка. iv курс под ред. В.Д. Аракина

ticipating the examinations? 3. By commenting on six cases of simile chosen from the text explain and bring out the effectiveness of this stylistic device in the description of the examinations. 4. Explain and discuss the effectiveness of the allusion "judgement mean solar day" for conveying the students' fright of the examinations. v. How does the author describe the difference betwixt the psychological types of students at the examinations? What makes the description convincing? half-dozen. Show how the writer conveys a sense of futility and despair in the description of the aftereffect of the examination on the students. Bring out the effectiveness of the sustained metaphor in creating the sense of futility Richard had later the examinations. vii. In what way is the atmosphere of growing suspense created? Show its part in conveying the sense of apprehension and excitement which is generated towards the cease of the extract. 8. What contrast in mood and atmosphere do you detect between the whole text and the last paragraph? 9. By referring to four examples from the text, annotate on the writer's sense of humour. 10. What impressions of Gordon's character practice you derive from this passage?

xvi. Requite a summary of the text (p. vi) dividing information technology into several logical parts.

17. Use the phrases and word combinations and act out the dialogues between:

one. Benskin and Richard Gordon on the technical details of the coming examinations.

2. Richard and his friend discussing the written examinations they've been through. 3. Richard and Grimsdyke discussing the psychological types of students taking examinations. 4. Gordon and his friend in anticipation of the coming examination results.

xviii. As you read the following paragraph a) try to observe its structure, bespeak out the topic sentence, the details of diverse kinds, the transitional devices used to movement from ane example to the other and the paragraph terminator:

one. In the United states of america any person who completes elementary and secondary school (grades 1 to 12) has a diverseness of avant-garde educational opportunities from which to choose. 2. For those people interested in a four year general education in preparation for work or further university study in such professional schools as law, medicine, or dentistry, there are hundreds of liberal arts colleges throughout the country, with widely vary-

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